厚胶光刻非线性畸变的校正

利用厚胶光刻技术制作大深度微结构元件是一种有效的途径,但厚胶光刻过程中的非线性畸变对光刻面形质量的严重影响限制了该技术的应用,基于此,提出了一种对掩模透射率函数进行校正的方法。分析空间像形成及其在光刻胶内传递、曝光、显影等过程中非线性因素的影响,利用模拟退火算法对掩模透射率函数进行校正,以提高光刻面形质量,并以凹面柱透镜为例,给出了校正前后的显影轮廓模拟结果,其校正后浮雕面形的体积偏差仅为2.63%。该方法在有效改善面形质量的同时,并没有引起掩模的设计、制作难度及费用增加,这对于设计、制作高质量的微结构元件有重要意义。     

Flow in a waterfall with large Froude number

An approximate method is developed to solve the full nonlinear equations governing two-dimensional irrotational flow in a free waterfall, falling under the influence of gravity, at high Froude number based on conditions far upstream. Schwarz—Christoffel transformation is used to map the region, in the complex potential-plane, onto the upper half-plane. The Hilbert transformation as well as the perturbation technique, for large Froude number, are used as a basis for the approximate solution of the problem. A complete solution, up to second-order approximation, for the downstream free-surfaces profiles, for different Froude number, is discussed and illustrated. The obtained approximate solutions are compared with those of other authors. Favourable agreement with other results suggests that this method is effective in dealing with flow problems strongly influenced by gravity and high Froude number. The results obtained by this method are sufficiently accurate for practical purposes.     

Tests of ordered hypotheses in linkage in heredity

The asymptotic null distribution of the likelihood ratio test for two cases of ordered hypotheses in a particular genetic model is considered. A simple iterative process is proposed in order to get the restricted estimates. It is shown that both tests have asymptotically a chi-bar squared distribution and the same size. A simulation study is also conducted in order to compare the usual unrestricted test with the corresponding one of ordered hypotheses. Finally, the results are extended to some special cases.     

Nonlinear stability of incoherence and collective synchronization in a population of coupled oscillators

A mean-field model of nonlinearly coupled oscillators with randomly distributed frequencies and subject to independent external white noises is analyzed in the thermodynamic limit. When the frequency distribution isbimodal, new results include subcritical spontaneous stationary synchronization of the oscillators, supercritical time-periodic synchronization, bistability, and hysteretic phenomena. Bifurcating synchronized states are asymptotically constructed near bifurcation values of the coupling strength, and theirnonlinear stability properties ascertained.     

大型稀疏无约束最优化问题的行列修正算法

本文提出了一类适用于大型稀疏最优化问题的简单易行的行列修正算法，获得了新算法的局部超一性收敛性，大量的数值试验表明这是一个较为理想的修正算不。新算法同样可以用来求解大型对称性非线性方程组。     

Vibrational spectra of (NH4)3ZnCl5

IR and Raman spectra of (NH₄)₃ZnCl₅ have been recorded. The observed spectra have been analysed on the basis of the vibrations of ZnCl ₄ ²⁻ and NH ₄ ⁺ ions. The appearance of multiple Raman bands indicates the presence of two different types of ammonium ions. The effect of anisotropic crystalline field over the ZnCl₄ and NH₄ tetrahedra is also discussed. The assignment of internal modes has been verified by the potential energy distribution calculations.     

A BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR A NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN STEADY-STATE HEAT TRANSFER IN DIMENSION THREE

In this paper, a new method of boundary reduction is proposed, which reduces thesteady-state heat transfer equation with radiation. Moreover, a boundary element method is pre-sented for its solution and the error estimates of the numerical approximations are given.     

一个具有线性约束的Goldfarb方法的改进算法

本文对具有线性约束的非线性规划问题给出一个Goldfarb方法的改进算法,并且在与[1]同样的条件下,给出了算法之超线性收敛性证明.     

A time integral formulation and algorithm for structural dynamics with nonlinear stiffness

A newly-developed numerical algorithm, which is called the new Generalized-α (G-α) method, is presented for solving structural dynamics problems with nonlinear stiffness. The traditional G-α method has undesired overshoot properties as for a class of α-method. In the present work, seven independent parameters are introduced into the single-step three-stage algorithmic formulations and the nonlinear internal force at every time interval is approximated by means of the generalized trapezoidal rule, and then the algorithm is implemented based on the finite difference theory. An analysis on the stability, accuracy, energy and overshoot properties of the proposed scheme is performed in the nonlinear regime. The values or the ranges of values of the seven independent parameters are determined in the analysis process. The computational results obtained by the new algorithm show that the displacement accuracy is of order two, and the acceleration can also be improved to a second order accuracy by a suitable choice of parameters. Obviously, the present algorithm is zero-stable, and the energy conservation or energy decay can be realized in the high-frequency range, which can be regarded as stable in an energy sense. The algorithmic overshoot can be completely avoided by using the new algorithm without any constraints with respect to the damping force and initial conditions.The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Elliptic integral solutions of spatial elastica of a thin straight rod bent under concentrated terminal forces

In this article, we solve in closed form a system of nonlinear differential equations modelling the elastica in space of a thin, flexible, straight rod, loaded by a constant thrust at its free end. Common linearizations of strength of materials are of course not applicable any way, because we analyze great deformations, even if not so large to go off the linear elasticity range. By passing to cylindrical coordinates ρ, θ, z, we earn a more tractable differential system evaluating ρ as elliptic function of polar anomaly θ and also providing z through elliptic integrals of I and III kind. Deformed rod’s centerline is then completely described under both tensile or compressive load. Finally, the planar case comes out as a degeneracy, where the Bernoulli lemniscatic integral appears.